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	<title>Multiple Reading Personalities &#187; XX century</title>
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	<link>http://www.polyreader.com</link>
	<description>Of Aeschylus and pixies</description>
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		<title>Les âmes fortes (Jean Giono)</title>
		<link>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/08/les-ames-fortes-jean-giono/</link>
		<comments>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/08/les-ames-fortes-jean-giono/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Aug 2010 17:33:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[A Literary Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[French]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human nature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monsters]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Novel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social status]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[XX century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.polyreader.com/?p=692</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[J&#8217;ai refermé ce livre avec un sentiment de perplexité qui ne m&#8217;a pas quitté depuis&#8230; Les âmes fortes se présente comme une discussion entre trois femmes, lors d&#8217;une veillée funèbre. On croit un instant que nous allons assister à un grand déballage sur la vie du mort et de sa femme, mais pas du tout [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>J&#8217;ai refermé ce livre avec un sentiment de perplexité qui ne m&#8217;a pas quitté depuis&#8230; <em>Les âmes fortes</em> se présente comme une discussion entre trois femmes, lors d&#8217;une veillée funèbre. On croit un instant que nous allons assister à un grand déballage sur la vie du mort et de sa femme, mais pas du tout : nous partagerons tout au plus deux ou trois rumeurs, évoquées de façon assez floue pour nous rappeler que nous ne sommes pas, nous lecteurs, dans l&#8217;intimité de village de ces trois femmes. Cette intimité monstrueuse, cette vigilance organique des petits villages de la France campagnarde sera un personnage à part entière du roman, ou plutôt constituera son terroir. La narration y reviendra assez vite, mais non sans un second détour préalable, un rapide rappel de l&#8217;avarice paysanne : deux des trois femmes ont en effet assez récemment perdu leurs parents, et étalent naïvement la cupidité et l&#8217;égoïsme sans joie qui les a dressées contre leurs sœurs, les manœuvres sordides auprès des parents mourants ou du notaire pour empocher une grosse part d&#8217;héritage.</p>
<p>Le décor est posé : nous sommes dans ce que Balzac a si souvent raconté, la mesquinerie, l&#8217;âpreté au gain des petites gens, les villages où <em>tout se sait</em>. Ce n&#8217;est jamais une toile de fond plaisante, et mon expérience de lecture est certainement teintée par le fait que je viens moi-même d&#8217;un village vieillissant de l&#8217;Ile-de-France qui, pour n&#8217;être plus habité par de tous petits exploitants agricoles, n&#8217;en a pas moins gardé une culture locale encore fortement influencée par l&#8217;ascension petite bourgeoise des XIXe et XXe, par <em>la montre</em> (pas celle au poignet, hein&#8230;) et la pesée soigneuse des statuts sociaux. Sur cet arrière-plan un peu glauque, une femme se détache : Thérèse, notre âme forte, qui pressée par ses deux consœurs, va raconter son histoire, d&#8217;abord avec une hypocrisie bienséante, puis, aiguillonnée par l&#8217;une des deux autres, une commère qui a le goût du scandale, avec une froide franchise qu&#8217;on est tenté de prendre pour la &#8220;vraie&#8221; version de son histoire. L&#8217;histoire de Thérèse est exposée en trois grands mouvements : le premier, raconté par elle, la décrit comme une jeune fille ordinaire, qui s&#8217;enfuit avec son amoureux pour aller l&#8217;épouser ; le second, où la commère prend la main, vire (on y vient) au roman balzacien, où le mari de Thérèse, métamorphosé en aigrefin, profite de la jeune fille et de la bonté d&#8217;une famille bourgeoise pour se faire une petite fortune ; le troisième et dernier mouvement, raconté par Thérèse et la commère, se présente comme une révélation : un monstre plus grand que nature se tapissait dans toute cette vilenie ordinaire, en tirait les ficelles, et trompait avec volupté la vigilance ragotarde de toute la communauté.</p>
<p>Il a de petits détails qui m&#8217;ont gênée au cours de la lecture ; par exemple, mon &#8220;deuxième mouvement&#8221;, raconté par la commère, fournit de très nombreux détails que l&#8217;opinion générale, si bien renseignée soit elle, ne pourrait connaître (notamment des pensées, des gestes intimes, etc.) ; on ne peut pas décemment leur donner comme excuse l&#8217;invention populaire (non que nous ne remplissions pas tous les blancs lorsque nous racontons une histoire, mais un peu plus d&#8217;incohérence, de sensationnalisme ou d&#8217;hésitation serait nécessaire pour crédibiliser l&#8217;hypothèse). La commère a donc des accès d&#8217;omniscience, ce qui est franchement embêtant dans une histoire qui démonte les mécanismes de l&#8217;opinion villageoise et les extrêmes qui sont nécessaires pour la tromper. Finalement, je crois que ce livre aurait mieux fonctionné pour moi sans l&#8217;inutile complication du récit à deux mains, si Giono soit n&#8217;avait pas répondu à la question &#8220;<em>qui raconte</em>&#8221; (narrateur invisible), soit s&#8217;il s&#8217;était concentré sur un seul narrateur (Thérèse était tout de même la mieux placée&#8230;), soit enfin s&#8217;il avait laissé la fin de son récit moins structurée, moins affirmative, et redonné à la narration le jeu qui lui manque pour s&#8217;accommoder de multiples points de vue. Reste également la question de la <em>motivation</em> du récit (on la comprend chez la commère, mais Thérèse partage soudain des secrets vieux de plusieurs décennies sans que l&#8217;on comprenne bien pourquoi).</p>
<p>Il reste néanmoins la très belle écriture de Giono, qui pour être ici moins poétique et bruissante qu&#8217;à son ordinaire (ce n&#8217;est après tout pas lui qui parle) n&#8217;en est pas moins maîtrisée, ni moins pure et sensible sans sombrer dans la sensiblerie. C&#8217;est justement parce que s&#8217;enfoncer dans le récit est un tel plaisir que les interruptions narratives m&#8217;ont ennuyée ; en revanche, elles nous offrent le plaisir de la langue parlée, avec ses mots tout entiers surgis du passé comme le &#8220;<em>trimard&#8221;, </em>sa saveur crue (&#8220;<em>avec un cul du tonnerre de Dieu, neuf dixièmes en crin, comme de juste, mais l&#8217;autre dixième incontestablement ce qu&#8217;il y avait de plus valable</em>&#8220;) et ses subtilités que seul permet un usage un peu relâché (&#8220;<em>elle avait perdu les sens</em>&#8221; pour une déclaration d&#8217;amour, est-ce que ce pluriel/ cette conglutination d&#8217;expressions ne sont pas tout simplement géniaux ?). Tiens, peut-être que j&#8217;aurais dû tout simplement lire le livre entièrement à voix haute&#8230;</p>
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		<title>Letter to his father (Franz Kafka)</title>
		<link>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/07/letter-to-his-father-franz-kafka/</link>
		<comments>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/07/letter-to-his-father-franz-kafka/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Jul 2010 23:02:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[A Literary Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Epistolary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family ties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[German]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Masculinity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Memory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[XX century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.polyreader.com/?p=643</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Kafka&#8217;s Letter to his father was his only creative work in at the end of 1919/ early 1920; and while it is not absolutely a piece of fiction, it does certainly have some fictional traits, the most egregious being that the ostensible addressee of the letter (you&#8217;d never guess that would be Kafka&#8217;s father, would [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Kafka&#8217;s <em>Letter to his father </em>was his only creative work in at the end of 1919/ early 1920; and while it is not absolutely a piece of fiction, it does certainly have some fictional traits, the most egregious being that the ostensible addressee of the letter (you&#8217;d never guess that would be Kafka&#8217;s father, would you?) was certainly not its intended readership. Kafka made sure his mother and his sister Ottla read the letter, but his father never saw it. Fictional however does not necessarily mean that he meant for the letter to ever be published: the letter was not part of the documents he entrusted to Max Brod (the story goes that Kafka asked his friend to destroy most of his papers after his death, and that Brod went against his instructions; it&#8217;s dubious whether Kafka really intended to have his manuscripts obliterated, and the fact that he bothered to keep some papers &#8212; such as this letter &#8212; in more private storage would confirm that. Never to be deterred, the good Max found the letter and included it in his biographical notes on Kafka). I do wonder what else in this letter <em>is </em>thought out to produce a certain effect on the reader, rather than to entirely reflect the mind of the writer. Take for instance this sentence: &#8220;<em>Mother unconsciously played the part of a beater during a hunt</em>&#8220;. If &#8220;Mother&#8221; was the intended reader, there&#8217;s a casual cruelty there that&#8217;s worth noting, and it&#8217;s all the more interesting for being indirect and hardly answerable. Franz might be playing a different manipulation game than his father, but he&#8217;s not exactly being straightforward himself.</p>
<p>The whole letter, in fact, contains plenty of evocations of the perverse power plays that Kafka wrote compulsively about. The father is a figure of distant, invasive, incomprehensible power. He is explicitly politic (&#8220;<em>On your side there was the tyranny of your own nature</em>&#8220;, &#8220;<em>it is not to plot something against you</em>&#8220;, &#8220;<em>I might go on to describe further orbits of your influence and of struggle against it</em>&#8220;), but to be fair the writer himself does not appear to be much less manipulative. Kafka does indeed close any possibility of an answer, not only by not sending his letter, but also by imagining his father demonstrating that his son has placed him in an indefensible position&#8230; And answering that objection by nothing less than annihilation (&#8220;<em>To this I answer that first of all this whole rejoinder (&#8230;) does not originate in you but, in fact, in me</em>&#8220;), followed by a &#8220;clause of evasion&#8221; applicable to anything he has written before (&#8220;<em>Naturally things cannot in reality fit together in the way the evidence does in my letter</em>&#8220;). This brings us back to the child Franz, who was so afraid of his father that he for a while took to only talking to him through the mediation of his mother; the adult Kafka doesn&#8217;t seem to have changed his strategy much despite its limited success at allowing him to gain his independence. This in turns recalls the pretext for the letter in the first place: Kafka&#8217;s &#8220;inability to marry&#8221; (the letter was written after he had broken marriage plans for the third time in his life&#8230; Fatherly disapproval seems to be the reason at first, but later Kafka confesses that he feels unable to marry, as it is the realm of his parents <em>and </em>would be a way to escape his father&#8217;s influence &#8212; and is therefore impossible).</p>
<p>All in all the letter is a fascinating peek into Kafka&#8217;s mental word, and reading it I felt that everything, everything I ever read from him was about his father and their relationship. Oh, that&#8217;s the <em>Trial</em>! Here&#8217;s the allegory of Justice! Here&#8217;s the <em>Penal Colony</em>! However there&#8217;s also much less of Kafka&#8217;s &#8216;signature&#8217; coldness. I must confess that I don&#8217;t enjoy reading his fiction at all: it leaves me feeling cold, guilty and dirty. Judging by this letter, this is how Kafka himself was made to feel in the presence of his father. It&#8217;s not however what I experienced reading this letter. Heartbreak, certainly, every time he evoked the child he was, faced with the brute of a father he had to contend with; interest, hope, doubts, indignation&#8230; And much more. A less specific experience, but one that was easier to relate to.</p>
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		<title>Une si longue lettre (Mariama Bâ)</title>
		<link>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/07/une-si-longue-lettre-mariama-ba/</link>
		<comments>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/07/une-si-longue-lettre-mariama-ba/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Jul 2010 21:11:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[A Literary Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Colonisation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture clash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Epistolary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Francophone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Masculinity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Memory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Money Matters]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sénégal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Women Role]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[XX century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.polyreader.com/?p=632</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Une si longue lettre, un si court roman, et pourtant si longtemps pour en noter quelques idées&#8230; Lu au coeur de la tourmente de la préparation des examens, pour faire une petite pause plaisir, que me reste-t-il en mémoire avant que de rouvrir le livre pour y vérifier mes souvenirs ? J&#8217;ai oublié les noms, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Une si longue lettre</em>, un si court roman, et pourtant si longtemps pour en noter quelques idées&#8230; Lu au coeur de la tourmente de la préparation des examens, pour faire une petite pause plaisir, que me reste-t-il en mémoire avant que de rouvrir le livre pour y vérifier mes souvenirs ? J&#8217;ai oublié les noms, l&#8217;écriture, mais ni les personnages ni leur histoire. En fait, le récit vit plus dans ma mémoire sur le plan de l&#8217;histoire personnelle que sur celui de la littérature, c&#8217;est-à-dire qu&#8217;il a pris place sur l&#8217;étagère mémorielle &#8220;biographies des amis et de la famille&#8221;, une petite place a-spectaculaire, difficilement analysable ou critiquable, car relevant de l&#8217;expérience personnelle et non d&#8217;une construction intellectuelle. C&#8217;est faux: <em>Une si longue lettre </em> est un roman, non un mémoire. Il a parfois été qualifié de semi-autobiographique (c&#8217;est un premier roman, après tout), mais &#8220;semi&#8221; est un terrain sur lequel mieux vaut ne pas trop se précipiter.</p>
<p>&#8220;<em>Hier, tu as divorcé. Aujourd&#8217;hui, je suis veuve.&#8221;</em></p>
<p><em> </em></p>
<p><em><span style="font-style: normal;">Ces mots sont parmi les premiers de la lettre que Ramatoulaye (je viens de vérifier le nom) écrit à son amie  de toujours, Aïssatou, pendant les quarante jours de réclusion que lui impose son veuvage. Ces mots disent tout le livre. Les coeurs brisés, mais aussi l&#8217;opposition qui apparaît immédiatement entre les deux amies, entre celle qui a choisi son destin même dans l&#8217;échec et celle qui l&#8217;a accepté. Nous apprendron</span><span style="font-style: normal;">s en effet assez vit</span><span style="font-style: normal;">e que les époux des deux femmes les ont soumises à la même épreuve, celle de devoir accepter une seconde épouse, et que les amies ont pris des décisions opposées. </span></em><em><span style="font-style: normal;">Mariama Bâ, qui avait pour sa part divorcé, fait donc un choix éclairant de point de vue en choisissant de donner la parole à la femme qui est restée. Le propos n&#8217;est pas de prendre parti, mais de comprendre.</span></em></p>
<p><em> </em></p>
<p>Cette volonté d&#8217;empathie va d&#8217;ailleurs plus loin &#8212; les jeunes filles qui sont entrées, par une violence plus ou moins pernicieuse, dans la vie des maris, sont en grande partie justifiées, comprises, &#8220;contextualisées&#8221;  (Binetou, la seconde épouse du mari de Ramatoulaye, pourrait faire figure de chasseuse d&#8217;or tout à fait détestable si sa cruauté n&#8217;était expliquée :<em> &#8220;victime, elle se voulait oppresseur&#8221;</em>&#8230;). Il y a certes des figures féminines rien moins que positives (la mère de Binetou, la &#8220;belle-tante&#8221; haineuse d&#8217;Aïssatou) ; ce  sont systématiquement des femmes plus âgées, présentées comme des instruments de la société traditionnelle.</p>
<p>Les hommes en revanche manquent terriblement de profondeur dans ce livre, pas tant je pense par échec de l&#8217;écriture que comme représentation d&#8217;une incommunication réelle. Lâches et fuyants, ils sont surtout totalement incompréhensibles. Pourquoi deviennent-ils l&#8217;obstacle principal à la société plus moderne et plus bienveillante à laquelle ils aspiraient pourtant, jeunes hommes ? Pour une femme docile, jolie, et ne ressemblant plus en rien à ce qu&#8217;ils adoraient à vingt ans ? Il y a là un mystère irréductible, car Bâ n&#8217;évoque pas de simples beaux-parleurs, mais bien des hommes qui ont sérieusement consacré des années de leur vie à un rêve qu&#8217;ils &#8220;cassent&#8221; ensuite pour une manifeste chimère qui ne leur apporte évidemment pas le bonheur.</p>
<p>Le livre a été dédié par Mariama Bâ &#8220;<em>à toutes les femmes et aux hommes de bonne volonté</em>&#8220;. Cela reflète parfaitement l&#8217;aspiration désabusée, le désir de croire encore en l&#8217;homme (sans majuscule),  mais aussi la méfiance qui s&#8217;est installée, le besoin de qualifier : de quels hommes parlons-nous ? La tristesse, la déception dominent ; l&#8217;espoir a reflué de la vie de Ramatoulaye, même si elle veut encore se convaincre qu&#8217;il subsiste pour ses enfants, pour les générations à venir. Ses fils et ses filles semblent mieux armés, plus forts qu&#8217;elle ne l&#8217;était; l&#8217;amitié ne l&#8217;a pas trahie. La fin du livre est même ostensiblement positive, une décision d&#8217;aller de l&#8217;avant, de vivre à nouveau&#8230; Pourtant ce que j&#8217;en retiens c&#8217;est d&#8217;abord un profond sentiment de tristesse, les &#8221;<em>lacérations dans l&#8217;individu</em>&#8221; évoquées, et une image (étrangère au livre) qui m&#8217;a accompagnée dans sa lecture, celle d&#8217;une Pénélope &#8220;inversée&#8221;, qui tenterait de tisser un ouvrage qui se déferrait sans fin. Bien sûr, la lettre écrite dans une période de deuil en a forcément une amertume circonstancielle que je ne voudrais pas généraliser. En fait peut-être le souffle d&#8217;espoir est-il cyniquement justement dans ce deuil : le vieux monde meurt, la société paternaliste meurt avec ses pères, et le deuil est possible. Alléluia?</p>
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		<title>If on a winter&#8217;s night a traveler (Italo Calvino)</title>
		<link>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/07/if-on-a-winters-night-a-traveler-italo-calvino/</link>
		<comments>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/07/if-on-a-winters-night-a-traveler-italo-calvino/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Jul 2010 17:37:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[A Literary Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Metanovel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Novel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Truth and lies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[XX century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.polyreader.com/?p=628</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I may be daydreaming about a reasoned, thematic reading plan, but this summer so far has been the Summer of Random &#8212; be it reading or otherwise. From One Thousand and One Nights to The Turn of the Screw, from Matthew Lewis to Arthur C. Clarke, anything goes &#8212; which might well be the perfect [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I may be daydreaming about a reasoned, thematic reading plan, but this summer so far has been the Summer of Random &#8212; be it reading or otherwise. From <em>One Thousand and One Nights</em> to <em>The Turn of the Screw</em>, from Matthew Lewis to Arthur C. Clarke, anything goes &#8212; which might well be the perfect mindset to read <em>If on a winter&#8217;s night a traveler</em>, Calvino&#8217;s mishmash-of-novels novel. The book is unified around the figure of a Reader who, after purchasing the latest Calvino and reading a few pages, realizes he has been sold a defective copy of the book. Due to a printing mistake, the book he has in hand (not a Calvino) stops at page 32. Our Reader returns to the bookstore for an exchange, unknowingly starting on a quest that will have him begin reading a great many books, without ever being able to go past the first chapter or so. <em>If on a winter&#8217;s night </em>then alternates chapters of the Reader&#8217;s own story and the literary fragments he reads on his journey. While each new novel contains signs of the previous stories (a name, an object, an image&#8230;), they are all ostensibly different, ranging geographically from Japan to the fictional Eastern European country of Cimmeria, thematically from thrillers to psychological fiction, and have been authored by at least three different writers (very likely more &#8212; and that&#8217;s without the fiction-writing machines and unfaithful translators which were also involved). As for the Reader&#8217;s story, while it is unified by the presence of the Reader and that of a few other protagonists, it also fluctuates between genres: love, detective, adventure, spy&#8230;</p>
<p>Calvino was a respected fiction critic in addition to being a writer, When he wrote <em>If on a winter&#8217;s night</em>, he was struggling with the edicts of the &#8220;new&#8221; French critics (Calvino had lived and worked in France for many years, and has shown a certain defiance with the more traditional literary forms; as for the Nouveau Roman, Tel Quel, structuralism and such, I will not expound here, though I certainly need to explain all of this to myself at some point. Not my favorite subject of all times, I&#8217;m afraid, sorry St Barthes <em>et al</em>.). <em>If on a winter&#8217;s night </em>is a very self-conscious attempt to talk about plot, a notion writers were supposed to leave behind as trivial and primitive (I caricature, bear with me&#8230;). This self-consciousness results in several mannerisms I found frankly annoying, for instance Calvino&#8217;s insistence on using the second-person point of view (which reminded me more of the choose-your-own-adventure books of my childhood than of <em>Bright Lights Big City</em>; in other words, it was as unsuccessful for me). This distance between reader and Reader might well have been intentional (even when we&#8217;re reading over the Reader&#8217;s shoulder, there are notes of his and the writer&#8217;s presence all over the text: &#8220;<em>the page you&#8217;re reading should convey this violent contact</em>&#8220;, for instance, or in what starts as the voice of a character in a story-within-the-story, &#8220;<em>perhaps I am thinking this only now, or it is only you, Reader, who are thinking it</em>&#8220;).</p>
<p>Despite these criticisms, the book remains a pleasure: no matter how tortured Calvino might have been about it, he still is a fantastic <em>storyteller</em>, and he cares deeply about writing. Delirious situations, slippery characterizations, even the occasional bout of stilted writing could not keep me from wanting to know <em>what happens next. </em>Moreover, the passion Calvino brings to his discussion about truth and illusion in art, his pleasure in playing hide-and-seek with readers &#8212; these are highly contagious<em>. </em>I reread <em>The Baron in the Trees </em>right after <em>If on a winter&#8217;s night </em>(admittedly a more childish book than I remembered, but still a fun read). While I found the same simple pleasure in it, it also made me realize how much more <em>If on a winter&#8217;s night </em>had to say, and to ask. Ludmilla*, the &#8220;Other Reader&#8221; in the book, says it when she explains that <em>&#8220;authors are never incarnated in individuals of flesh and blood, they exist (&#8230;) only in published pages &#8212; the living and the dead both are there always ready to communicate (&#8230;) in the fickle, carefree relations one can have with incorporeal persons&#8221;.</em> I don&#8217;t know that all my relations with authors are &#8220;<em>fickle and carefree</em>&#8220;, but to me, Calvino is at his best right there, in playfulness.</p>
<p>* on a completely unrelated note, I found that the most potentially interesting characters in both Calvino books were the female &#8220;leads&#8221;, who he perplexingly keeps at arms&#8217; length and doesn&#8217;t develop.</p>
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		<title>Antigone and I</title>
		<link>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/06/antigone-and-i/</link>
		<comments>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/06/antigone-and-i/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 Jun 2010 19:38:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[A Literary Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Greek]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Personal notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[XX century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.polyreader.com/?p=593</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Antigone is one of these plays with which I feel I have a very intimate relationship, even though I never read the Sophocles&#8217; version. My introduction to Antigone was made through Anouilh, back when I was a 15 year-old student in France. The class was taught by a young professor, whose name I can&#8217;t remember [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Antigone is one of these plays with which I feel I have a very intimate relationship, even though I never read the Sophocles&#8217; version. My introduction to Antigone was made through Anouilh, back when I was a 15 year-old student in France. The class was taught by a young professor, whose name I can&#8217;t remember right now, but whose face has stayed with me &#8212; a very rare occurrence. Mademoiselle&#8230; Anyway. I fell in love with the play, fell in love very hard, and read so much Anouilh that year. There are to this day moments when my life goes Anouilh-colored. Being lost in a vast crowd, feeling tiny and defiant and free, is an Anouilh moment for me. I feel like he&#8217;s writing me. It&#8217;s a little scary and very wonderful, this sensation that being lost and drifting is exactly where I&#8217;m supposed to be, my rightful place in the world &#8212; at least for the time being.</p>
<p>It is not Antigone, though, who captured my  imagination back then, but Ismene. It might have been because I ended up reading her lines so often in class that I identified with her, but I rather think that it was something more. When I started reading her, she allowed me to express a part of my identity that needed to be spoken. It felt vital, necessary and freeing simultaneously. All I know is that I remember these hours in the classroom like no others. Another girl was almost always Antigone. Perhaps she too found something then; it is quite remarkable that the teacher would have let the two of us take over the play the way we did. Then again, this woman was quite a remarkable teacher.</p>
<p>What distinguished Ismene from Antigone for me was not willingness to compromise with Créon (power, politics, you name it) but the understanding of small things. Flamboyance for Antigone, empathy for Ismene; the two opposed like I had never known they did, and that rang true.  Antigone claims to love life more passionately than Ismene, and much as my love for the latter would have made me want to pretend her claim was contradicted by her acts, I believed her. However her passion blinds her to humble things, to contradictions; her passion makes it unacceptable for her to just.. float She has to act. She stands for something that can win or be defeated, which I felt made her more contingent.</p>
<p>As part of my &#8220;summer of reading things that have been sitting around for too long&#8221;, I started reading <em>Antigone&#8217;s claim</em> by Judith Butler. It is a series of lectures that were given to undergrads and grads, and are collected and published by Columbia University press. I will also be reading Sophocles&#8217; <em>Antigone</em>, and probably re-read Anouilh&#8217;s after that. Right now however, I am struggling through <em>Antigone&#8217;s claim</em>, which is still way beyond my critical abilities, fishing for what I can take out of it. It is very fascinating and a good exercise in stretching out my intellectual muscles. Hopefully that will serve me next year &#8212; I just found out I have passed all my exams and am the happy recipient of a <em>licence de lettres modernes</em>, a BA. I am definitely registering for the <em>master LGC</em> (Master&#8217;s in General and Comparative Literature) &#8212; my plan is to get one year under my belt simultaneously to applying to grad programs in the US, and maybe in Europe as well.</p>
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		<title>Jour de souffrance (Catherine Millet)</title>
		<link>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/03/jour-de-souffrance-catherine-millet/</link>
		<comments>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/03/jour-de-souffrance-catherine-millet/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Mar 2010 02:35:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[A Literary Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[French]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human nature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Memory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Novel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sexuality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Women Role]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[XX century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.polyreader.com/?p=582</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[(French. English. I&#8217;ll just do anything I can moving forward.) Première phrase: &#8220;Si on ne croit pas à la prédestination, alors, il faut admettre que les circonstances d&#8217;une rencontre, que par facilité nous attribuons au hasard, sont en fait le résultat d&#8217;une incalculable suite de décisions, prises à chaque carrefour dans notre vie, et qui [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>(French. English. I&#8217;ll just do anything I can moving forward.)</p>
<p>Première phrase: &#8220;<em>Si on ne croit pas à la prédestination, alors, il faut admettre que les circonstances d&#8217;une rencontre, que par facilité nous attribuons au hasard, sont en fait le résultat d&#8217;une incalculable suite de décisions, prises à chaque carrefour dans notre vie, et qui nous ont secrètement orientés vers elle.&#8221;<span style="font-style: normal;"><br />
</span></em></p>
<p>Catherine Millet, faut-il le rappeler, à fait scandale (et succès d&#8217;édition) avec sa <em>Vie sexuelle de Catherine M.</em>, paru en 2001. J&#8217;avais bien aimé ce livre, malgré l&#8217;effet refroidissant que produisait l&#8217;accumulation d&#8217;aventures sexuelles ; il me semblait qu&#8217;il y avait un sous-texte, une armature formelle que je ne m&#8217;étais pas donnée la peine d&#8217;identifier, mais qui donnait une certaine qualité esthétique à l&#8217;ensemble, comme une sorte de trompe-l&#8217;oeil, l&#8217;impression que sous l&#8217;amas des corps se dessinait une émotion mal racontée et que donc j&#8217;étais libre d&#8217;imaginer. La sensation de dissociation, de flottement qui se dégageait du texte n&#8217;était pas très gaie, mais elle était intéressante.</p>
<p>Cette impression, je l&#8217;ai retrouvée avec <em>Jour de souffrance,</em> mais pas intacte. Elle est raffiné dans la première partie, <em>Résumé</em>, qui commence par un si et poursuit sur de longues théories qui semblent intelligentes mais ne vous laissent que fumée dans les mains. Le temps y revient en arrière, s&#8217;emboîte, se corrige, de nouveaux motifs apparaissent, se précisent, se délitent. Ces va-et-vient sont passionnants, techniquement admirables, et leurs décalages constants me sont plus intelligibles après le travail réalisé cette année sur la conscience et les motifs du temps et de la mémoire. Cette partie est, à première lecture, à peine compréhensible ; elle produit cependant l&#8217;effet libérateur d&#8217;une série de questions, d&#8217;un amas de photos floues, et constituent la matière du récit.</p>
<p>La suite du roman, en revanche, m&#8217;a laissée plus indifférente. Catherine Millet y relate la découverte par son alter ego des aventures de son compagnon et la souffrance masochiste qui l&#8217;envahit alors, au mépris de tous ses choix intellectuels de femme libérée, puis le long parcours pour dominer tant que faire se peut cette douleur. La narration, plus classique, se distingue surtout par son écriture d&#8217;une précision &#8220;blanche&#8221; quasi-impitoyable. La tentative d&#8217;honnêteté totale est bien sûr vouée à l&#8217;échec, dissoute dans l&#8217;indicible et l&#8217;animal, et cela est accepté. Le regard, cependant, reste d&#8217;une dureté glaciale. De plus, récit d&#8217;une obsession, l&#8217;écriture garde ce caractère hermétique de l&#8217;obsession, la faculté d&#8217;exclure celui à qui on la raconte, la faculté de se passionner pour &#8220;<em>une incalculable suite de</em>&#8221; détails sans grand intérêt, l&#8217;incapacité de vivre quoi que ce soit qui ne soit lu en relation avec son obsession. Il est fort possible que cela soit voulu : le résultat en est la même lassitude que l&#8217;on ressent à écouter quelqu&#8217;un ressasser toujours les mêmes idées.</p>
<p>On le voit, il y a matière intellectuelle dans ce livre ; cependant, sans doute suis-je trop &#8220;accro&#8221; d&#8217;une lecture émotionnelle pour m&#8217;y trouver tout à fait à l&#8217;aise. Je retrouve bien là une de ces immaturités de lectrice qui me rendent le XIXe siècle littéraire tellement plus naturel que les expérimentations formelles plus récentes&#8230; Un lecteur plus &#8220;adulte&#8221; y trouverait probablement mieux son compte que moi sur le plan du plaisir de lecture ! J&#8217;ai en revanche tiré un profit tout à fait personnel de la lecture dans le cadre de mon programme d&#8217;étude de cette année : la tentative de reconstitution de mouvements psychologiques ancrés dans le corporel, la jalousie, le voyeurisme, le souvenir, le &#8220;feuilletage&#8221; de l&#8217;être, autant de thèmes très proustiens &#8212; et d&#8217;ailleurs référence explicite est faite à ce cher Marcel.</p>
<p>Il est donc assez amusant que ce qui m&#8217;ait le moins intéressée soit le blabla introspectif qui se glisse sournoisement dans le récit &#8212; on a tant reproché à Proust d&#8217;être psychologisant, et c&#8217;est tellement absent de son oeuvre&#8230; On voit bien ici pourquoi, car le personnage n&#8217;est jamais si distant que lorsqu&#8217;il est expliqué, nous privant de toute chance de le comprendre en nos propres termes&#8230;</p>
<p>Dernière phrase (dans le Temps, dans le temps !) : &#8220;<em>De temps à autre, il m&#8217;arrive encore de déplier un papier que Jacques a laissé traîner, &#8212; par réflexe.&#8221;</em></p>
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		<title>L&#8217;imaginaire du &#8220;Temps retrouvé&#8221; (Chantal Robin)</title>
		<link>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/02/limaginaire-du-temps-retrouve-chantal-robin/</link>
		<comments>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/02/limaginaire-du-temps-retrouve-chantal-robin/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Feb 2010 23:09:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[A Literary Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Critique]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[French]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Myths]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Proust]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[XX century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.polyreader.com/?p=573</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Chantal Robin doit être sorcière, c&#8217;est sans doute de rigueur pour être publiée chez Circé (Cahiers de recherche sur l&#8217;imaginaire) ; en tout cas, elle me séduit avec son petit ouvrage critique sur Le Temps retrouvé. (yes, French.  Lazy lazy lazy) Je l&#8217;ai commandé sur la foi d&#8217;une citation dans un de ces petits livres [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Chantal Robin doit être sorcière, c&#8217;est sans doute de rigueur pour être publiée chez Circé (Cahiers de recherche sur l&#8217;imaginaire) ; en tout cas, elle me séduit avec son petit ouvrage critique sur <em>Le Temps retrouvé.</em></p>
<p>(yes, French.  Lazy lazy lazy)</p>
<p><span style="font-style: normal;">Je l&#8217;ai commandé sur la foi d&#8217;une citation dans un de ces petits livres scolaires (d&#8217;ailleurs bien fait et plein d&#8217;humour) qui vous règle en 27 pages le sort de </span>La Recherche<span style="font-style: normal;">, sa genèse, ses personnages, son importance, son contenu et ses thèmes&#8230; Je ne me souviens plus s&#8217;il était dans la bibliographie &#8220;officielle&#8221; du cours, mais si c&#8217;est le cas, il devait être tout en bas de la liste, dans les &#8220;si vous n&#8217;avez rien de mieux à faire&#8221;&#8230;<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-style: normal;">Et je me régale. J&#8217;en ai lu une bonne moitié à date, qui à la fois illumine l&#8217;œuvre et y rajoute une profondeur supplémentaire en y retrouvant la part d&#8217;obscurité, la part de mystère que sans doute Proust veut cacher derrière son accumulation de détails et de sensations. C&#8217;est un peu paradoxal, sans doute, ce que j&#8217;écris là ; mais ce petit ouvrage, en pointant vers les grands cycles, les modèles mythiques et la part d&#8217;avenir que contient le Temps retrouvé me permet d&#8217;y retrouver une respiration qui me faisait défaut, une part de poésie que je n&#8217;ai (enfin) pas tant à comprendre qu&#8217;à ressentir.</span></p>
<p>La structure initiatique que souligne C. Robin est évidente, mais son éclairage symbolique (rôle des éléments fondamentaux tels que la terre, le feu et l&#8217;eau, renaissance, passage par les pays des limbes et du désespoir,  parade funèbre comme prélude à la renaissance et à la révélation quasi-mystique) est d&#8217;une élégance rare. Elle montre que l&#8217;inversion folle, presque carnavalesque, des hiérarchies parisiennes à la fin de TR (&#8220;<em>ce monde où toutes les valeurs se trouvent renversées</em>&#8220;), relève de la dissolution générale des amarres de la réalité, qu&#8217;elle préfigure (comme les figures de la mer, de la lune et de la porte, symboles qu&#8217;elle relève tout particulièrement) l&#8217;épreuve initiatique du narrateur. J&#8217;ai pour ma part à cette lecture pensé aux Saturnales (les fêtes de fin d&#8217;années où les Romains relâchaient les tensions dans un pseudo-délire d&#8217;inversion sociale, fêtes qui seront assimilées à une naissance avec laquelle on nous enquiquine encore chaque année à la fin décembre), à la traversée de l&#8217;Achéron ou du fleuve du bout du monde de Gilgamesh ; j&#8217;ai pensé, aussi, à une autre évocation du pouvoir d&#8217;illusion et de mystère des éléments fluides, celle du critique G. Genette lorsqu&#8217;il parle (dans Figures 1) de &#8220;<em>l&#8217;univers réversible&#8221;</em> de l&#8217;époque baroque. Elle met ensuite en lumière le parallèle entre Charlus, le bien-né qui se comporte si mal, et Prométhée, en montrant l&#8217;association du premier au vol, au feu, à la &#8220;<em>race maudite&#8221;</em> (d&#8217;ailleurs la comparaison est explicitement faite par Proust lorsqu&#8217;il évoque Charlus enchainé à un lit). Charlus, nous dit-elle, &#8220;<em>garde&#8230; le monde intérieur de l&#8217;esprit</em>&#8221; ; c&#8217;est sans doute vrai, mais alors à la manière d&#8217;un devin fou, aveugle et délirant.</p>
<p>La descente dans le royaume des Enfers du narrateur est ensuite éclairée d&#8217;un relevé d&#8217;expressions morbides du &#8220;Bal de têtes&#8221; qui se produit à la matinée Guermantes, une scène où le narrateur retrouve, vieillis et décatis, la fantastique troupe au complet de <em>La Recherche</em> (classique), mais aussi de ce qui vient avant et qu&#8217;on doit au passage ajouté sur la guerre, passage que j&#8217;ai eu tant de mal à lire et que j&#8217;ai maintenant <em>envie </em>de relire. C. Robin cite à ce propos une phrase de Proust qui, en 1906, comparait ses projets de personnages à &#8220;<em>ces ombres qui demandent dans l&#8217;Odyssée à Ulysse de leur faire boire un peu de sang pour les mener à la vie&#8221; <span style="font-style: normal;">: c&#8217;</span></em>est la position-même où se trouve le narrateur à la fin de <em>La Recherche</em>&#8230;</p>
<p>Cette nature cyclique de l&#8217;univers proustien fait le sujet, sous le beau terme de constellations comme &#8220;<em>[matérialisation] du temps&#8221;</em>, de la deuxième partie de l&#8217;analyse, qui me plaît presque autant. Elle montre comment Proust brise l&#8217;image de la ligne temporelle ( <em>&#8220;cette convention qui prétend réduire le temps à une histoire&#8221;) </em>non seulement par la figure du cercle, mais encore en y apportant ces notions de mouvements, de densités et de correspondances qu&#8217;évoquent la lourde et poussiéreuse structure des amas d&#8217;étoiles dérivant dans l&#8217;infini où tout peut se croiser. Une originalité par rapport à beaucoup des lectures que j&#8217;ai faites jusqu&#8217;ici, et qui se concentrent presque toutes sur les rapports entre passé et présent, est que C. Robin insiste sur l&#8217;avenir, un avenir qui (en y réfléchissant) est en effet toujours présent dans le livre, que ce soit par le biais de rêves, d&#8217;aspirations, de menaces ou bien sous la forme visible des jeunes gens, qu&#8217;ils soient de la génération du narrateur, de celles qui le précèdent &#8212; <em>Un amour de Swann </em>porte tant de germes de la suite du roman &#8212; ou de celles qui le suivent, petits jeunes hommes séduisant Charlus ou fille de Gilberte pour laquelle on fait des projets douteux. &#8220;<em>Les extases de mémoires engagent ainsi l&#8217;avenir tout entier&#8221; </em>résume bien cette liaison faite entre passé et avenir par la solidité du présent et de l&#8217;immuable. La progression est aussi mise en avant par le système des &#8220;<em>rimes intérieures&#8221; </em>(l&#8221;expression est de J.Y. Tadié), qui en introduisant &#8220;<em>quelque chose qui est à la fois pareil et autre que la rime précédente&#8221;</em> (ici, c&#8217;est Proust qui parle) montre les évolutions de perspective ; à noter que souvent pour Proust la nouvelle rime s&#8217;ajoute à l&#8217;ancienne, mais ne la remplace pas.</p>
<p>La troisième partie aborde les &#8220;<em>structures synthétiques</em>&#8221; du roman, et j&#8217;ai hâte de la lire !</p>
<p>En résumé&#8230; Une courte lecture critique que je recommande à tous ceux qui ont du mal à apprécier Proust non pour sa complexité, mais pour une certaine impression de minutie qui se trouve pulvérisée ici.</p>
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		<title>La Route des Flandres (Claude Simon)</title>
		<link>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/02/route-des-flandres-claude-simon/</link>
		<comments>http://www.polyreader.com/2010/02/route-des-flandres-claude-simon/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Feb 2010 23:14:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[A Literary Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alienation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bildungsroman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[French]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human nature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Masculinity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Memory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mortality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[XX century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.polyreader.com/?p=532</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon, like Proust, is often seen as a difficult writer. His sentences are complex, run-on accumulations of words and tenses, modulated by numerous markers of subjectivity – like, as if, I think, I’d say, perhaps, etc. It’s a sentence that works hard to rid itself of conventional patterns of speech, or more accurately, of usual [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Simon, like Proust, is often seen as a difficult writer. His sentences are complex, run-on accumulations of words and tenses, modulated by numerous markers of subjectivity – <em>like, as if, I think, I’d say, perhaps,</em> etc. It’s a sentence that works hard to rid itself of conventional patterns of speech, or more accurately, of usual patterns of writing; things are presented in their immediacy, grammar is simplified, accumulation, association and digression abound.</p>
<p>This attempt at a more instinctive manner of communication is, of course, hard to read. We are used to texts being neatly put together, to rational explanation, to synthesis following analysis (or vice-versa, depending on culture). Used to, in short, a modicum of linearity. It is a well known human prejudice that we over-explain, draw conclusions where there is nothing but correlations, and guess correlations at the drop of a hat. Hence astrology, reading in entrails and people thinking they can predict the stock market based on some Fibonacci, pi or moon cycle-based formula.</p>
<p>But I digress.</p>
<p>Simon has a somewhat paradoxical project with <em>La Route des Flandres</em> (itself only a part of a biographical-related series of books). On the one hand, he is recreating a past experience (the trauma of World War II) in a more manageable form; on the other, he is trying to preserve the immediacy of it. To do this, he presents memories not in chronological order, but by way of associations. Here I must make a few side notes:</p>
<ol>
<li>Cheating #1: Simon mentioned around that time the idea that memories present themselves to use not chronologically, but depending on their importance. That would imply sometimes, it seems to me, that you would jump from one thing to another without so much as the tenuous help of objective association. The sheer force of the affect should be justification enough. Simon never does that, though – there’s always some element linking one memory to the next. That’s a very Proustian way to go about things – a clump of related things, a huge nodes of sensations emerging in an otherwise pretty disjointed perception. Simon does indeed admire Proust and refer to him quite a bit.</li>
<li>Cheating #2: the book was in fact carefully reconstructed after a period of unstructured writing: Simon wrote a number of fragments which he then color-coded depending on the characters present in each. He organized the fragments to alternate colors – and that’s how the book was born.</li>
</ol>
<p>This brings to mind the way I will write a dissertation given a limited amount of time: desperately scramble any idea that comes to mind on a piece of paper, then isolate a few themes, color code all rudimentary ideas, and shove them in each theme. Of course I’m doing the opposite of Simon (trying to bring together similar colors instead of trying to weave them through the course of the text); I’m amused to think that my draft paper might look more like his end product that my final dissertation.</p>
<p>Anyway – cheating or not, what Simon does is in fact remarkably successful. There’s a sort of indulgence, a sort of hypnosis that wants to lull you while you read the book, but every time you try to stop and think – the strands of meaning come undone, and you’re left feeling uncertain of where you are, what happened, and what Big Lessons you should take away. That last sentence would certainly make Simon very happy, but of course I’ll have to struggle with this in the context of academic learning. My plan of attack therefore is to start by focusing on the obsessions, the recurring motives of the book: horses, the mud, sexual desire, friends, suicide, etc. These are not really themes, more ornaments (at least at this stage, and in my mind), but we’ll see where they’ll take me.</p>
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		<title>A l&#8217;ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs (Marcel Proust)</title>
		<link>http://www.polyreader.com/2009/11/a-lombre-des-jeunes-filles-en-fleurs-marcel-proust/</link>
		<comments>http://www.polyreader.com/2009/11/a-lombre-des-jeunes-filles-en-fleurs-marcel-proust/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2009 04:51:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[A Literary Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bildungsroman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family ties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[French]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Love Story]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Masculinity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Memory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Novel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social status]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Writer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[XX century]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;m drowning in notes like these. Half a notebook of them. Pages upon pages, summaries, thoughts, feelings, digressions. I feel like I&#8217;m beginning to get it, to understand how it works, but I&#8217;m not sure &#8220;I&#8217;m feeling it&#8221;. The magic of Combray &#8212; the first part of the first book in the In Search of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m drowning in notes like these. Half a notebook of them.</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-525" title="notebook_Proust" src="http://www.polyreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/notebook_Proust1-300x202.jpg" alt="notebook_Proust" width="300" height="202" /><br />
Pages upon pages, summaries, thoughts, feelings, digressions. I feel like I&#8217;m beginning to get it, to understand how it works, but I&#8217;m not sure &#8220;I&#8217;m feeling it&#8221;. The magic of Combray &#8212; the first part of the first book in the In Search of Lost Time series &#8212; is long gone.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ve abandoned my excruciatingly slow reading pace for the end of Les jeunes filles (Within a Budding Grove), just so I could enjoy the text more, and as the narrative itself was picking up I had a really good time with it. I feel like I intellectually understand most of what the text is telling me, be it the story or the vision of Art, the importance of writing by one&#8217;s own vision, the filtering of reality which is not the weakness but the mark of a true artist; and yet I am still ill at ease.</p>
<p>(My apologies for the discombobulated post; it reflects my state of mind).</p>
<p>La Recherche is written by a narrator (which I&#8217;ll call Marcel, though that might be up for debate) largely inspired to Proust by himself &#8212; convoluted construction intentional. Proust was however adamant that the narrator was not him, and he indeed constructed Marcel&#8217;s life with noticeable divergences from his (and attributed other aspects of him to other characters). What is more, the narrator is telling his life through the prism of memories &#8212; something one could forget in the immediacy of the narration, but which obviously (the title says it well) is at the core of the novel. Memories and imaginations are so closely related as to be indistinguishable in Proust&#8217;s world&#8230; That is yet another caveat against taking the tale at face value.</p>
<p>Against this foggy background, Proust and Marcel both strongly assert that their only goal is to fish for these &#8220;deep truths&#8221; which reveal reality in the light of the creator&#8217;s idiosyncratic vision (careful, I&#8217;m reaching into my 50-cent words jar today!)</p>
<p>My problem is, I&#8217;m not sure I trust either of them.</p>
<p>For an &#8220;anti-intellectual&#8221; writer, one who wants to talk from the immediacy of sensations, Proust is incredibly wordy, and so theoretical that a lot of the material for his novel originates in earlier essays (gathered for the most part in the Against Sainte-Beuve collection I read along the novel). That&#8217;s the least of my worries: Proust&#8217;s interest with homosexuality and Jewish identity, for instance, are unquestionably genuine, but the incoherent ways he talks about them make me wonder whether he is honestly reflecting his inner conflicts or more simply lacks self-awareness in these matters. Another example might be in the romantic obsessions his young hero develops for unreachable girls. Is he depicting some true aspect of his romantic self (with a substitution of a &#8220;she&#8221; for a &#8220;he&#8221;, which I would not consider deception in the world of fiction); or is he just reflecting the cover-up lie he used for many years, when he pretended to be madly in love with women he could not have, to dispel any doubts as to his real sexuality?</p>
<p>These are some really big examples, and once these questions breach the trust between reader and writer/ narrator, everything else follows: by the end of his vacation in a chic hotel, was the initially rude lift operator really talkative, or is Marcel rearranging facts to claim one more social victory? Did the nobleman really stare at him unprovoked, or did he do something to attract attention? Did he really miss such train accidentally, or did he never really mean to follow through with his romanesque but unrealistic move? Am I meant to wonder about all this?</p>
<p>I&#8217;m hoping further volumes will help, but at that stage I feel like I&#8217;m trying to find my way by the moonlight in a beautiful, &#8220;Lewis Carollien&#8221; maze. I&#8217;m still unsure whether I like the feeling or not &#8212; but these sure are interesting times.</p>
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		<title>Le Club des Incorrigibles Optimistes (Jean-Michel Guenassia)</title>
		<link>http://www.polyreader.com/2009/11/le-club-des-incorrigibles-optimistes-jean-michel-guenassia/</link>
		<comments>http://www.polyreader.com/2009/11/le-club-des-incorrigibles-optimistes-jean-michel-guenassia/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 22:42:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Charlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[A Literary Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture clash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family ties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[French]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human nature]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[XX century]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;Je suis un optimiste aussi, répondit Igor. Le pire est devant nous. Réjouissons-nous de ce que nous avons.&#8221; (&#8220;I&#8217;m an optimist too, replied Igor. The worst is yet to come. Let us rejoice in what we have.&#8221;) Most of my reading these days is class-oriented, and it is an interesting experience in and of itself. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;"><em>&#8220;Je suis un optimiste aussi, répondit Igor. Le pire est devant nous. Réjouissons-nous de ce que nous avons.&#8221;<br />
(&#8220;I&#8217;m an optimist too, replied Igor. The worst is yet to come. Let us rejoice in what we have.&#8221;)</em></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><em></em><br />
Most of my reading these days is class-oriented, and it is an interesting experience in and of itself. There&#8217;s Proust, which represents an enormous amount of reading and demands close attention: I&#8217;ve never really read like this, taking notes, consulting commentaries, reading a novel and its author&#8217;s critical writing in parallel, and generally making myself be so deliberate (some would say mechanical!) about it. Some days it&#8217;s really hard and brings too much effort between the text and me; other days (like today), it can be really rewarding and glorious, when some deeper understanding, some new connection appears.</p>
<p>But that&#8217;s not what I want to talk about.</p>
<p>At the beginning of the week, I went through a rough reading patch. Proust tasted dry and pompous. I decided to break my &#8220;one book at a time&#8221; rule, at first with very short reads. Nice&#8230; but unsatisfying. So I went to my TBR pile intending to pick a book at random: I choose Guenassia&#8217;s novel out of pique, because with its 750 pages, it was the thickest of the pile and mocking me and my Proust block.</p>
<p>It was of course a little paradoxical, looking for a breather in the longest book available, but Le Club turned out to be the right choice. A simple, generous book, it leaves its reader ample space to daydream and feel without demanding too much thinking. It is unfortunately not translated in English yet, but it&#8217;s been published so recently that I hope it will be soon: I&#8217;d love to share it with my husband, as it tells a lot about Paris without ever making it its subject (which avoids all the nostalgia and cliches and generalizations that seem to go hand in hand with this city).</p>
<p>The book&#8217;s hero, Michel, is 12 years old when the book starts in October 1959. We follow him through the next five years, until the summer after his <em>baccalauréat</em>. I guess if one was looking to criticize the novel, the main issue might be that in these five crucial years, Michel doesn&#8217;t seem to change a lot. The story, or rather the stories, are not in him but around him: in the collapse of his parents&#8217; marriage, in the experiences of the Eastern European refugees who gather at the café Michel and his friends go to, in the political and intellectual effervescence of the early 60&#8242;s, in the books Michel reads voraciously, in his first love stories, in the repercussions of the Algerian War on French society&#8230; There&#8217;s an undercurrent of bitterness in the book &#8212; as Guenassia said in an interview, there&#8217;s probably not one character in his large cast who doesn&#8217;t commit a betrayal at one point or another, Michel included.</p>
<p>And yet the overwhelming feeling left by the book is one of delight, of the richness of the world and of the human experience. All these betrayals, even the worst, stem from aspirations, desires, idealism; and no matter how low men (and women!) fall, there&#8217;s always a measure of redemption for them. There is something very comforting in this book, something optimistic in the ease with which Michel makes friends with everyone, in the way the book tells us we all belong, we all have have fascinating stories to tell, in its amusement with human weakness which isn&#8217;t so much oblivious to the amount of pain it might inflict as deliberately forgiving, a choice of to smile and take it lightly.</p>
<p>I imagine there might states of mind where this glibness is not welcome, but for cold, damp winter days when one needs to know that the world of men is alive and well, and that not every motion of the soul needs to be scrutinized, nor can be &#8211; it is perfect.</p>
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